African horse sickness virus ahsv belongs to the genus orbivirus in the family reoviridae and is transmitted by culicoides species midges, of which c. This disease is endemic to subsaharan africa, however outbreaks have been seen in. The spread of the disease is similar to bluetongue, in that it is not directly contagious between horses as it is influenced by climatic conditions which favour the spread of carrier. The virus is transmitted between horses primarily by midge bites and occasionally by mosquitoes and ticks. About african horse sickness what is african horse sickness. Overview of african horse sickness generalized conditions. This vectorborne, viral disease affects all members of the equidae family. African horse sickness is transmitted by insects known as midges.
Classification of the causative agent resistance to. The disease, which is not usually fatal to indigenous zebra herds, is often. African horse sickness is a shortterm insectborne viral disease of equids horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras that is widespread in africa. It is characterized by signs of lung and circulatory system impairment. African horse sickness, ahs ist eine virale infektionskrankheit bei pferden. It is considered a major health threat for horses in endemic areas in subsaharan africa. The african horse sickness control strategy was developed by a working group chaired by the horse trust, and involving the equine industry, research organisations, defra and the devolved.
May 15, 2009 analyses of outbreaks of african horse sickness showed that movement of infected culicoides midges on the wind was most likely responsible for the spread of the disease over the sea from morocco to spain in 1966, from turkey to cyprus in 1960, and from senegal to the cape verde islands in 1943. African horse sickness ahs is caused by a virus of the family reoviridae of the. Pdf occurrence of african horse sickness in a domestic dog. African horse sickness ahs is a serious arthropodborne viral disease of equids, with a mortality rate that can. African importance horse sickness perdesiekte, pestis equorum, peste equina, peste equina africana last updated. The disease has only been found in africa, but since 1987 has recurred in spain and portugal. It is the responsibility of every owner or manager of equids, all veterinarians working with equids and transporters of equids in south. African horse sickness caused by genome reassortment and. The ahsv genome consists of 10 segments of doublestranded rna dsrna collectively encoding seven structural proteins and four nonstructural proteins. Ahs not contagious transmitted by biting midges cul ico des spp strictly seasonal in southern africa introduction invariably associated with movement of infected animal. Although horses are only symptomatic from 48 days the virus can live in the blood for as long as 21 days. African horse sickness ahs is a highly infectious and deadly disease caused by african horse sickness virus.
It is caused by one or more of the nine different serotypes of an orbivirus of the family reoviridae. African horse sickness virus ahsv is a viral disease transmitted by the biting midge. The african horse sickness vaccination season runs from june to october each year. African horse sickness 1959 when it spread to iran and pakistan 17. African horse sickness ahs is an acute or subacute noncontagious viral. Overview of african horse sickness msd veterinary manual. African horse sickness ahs is an insectborne, viral disease of equids that is endemic to subsaharan africa.
Horse sickness fever mortality70 95% of infected horseszebras or african donkeys asymptomaticmules and hybrids intermediate introduction. African horse sickness, swelling of supraorbital fossa african horse sickness ahs is an insectborne, viral disease of equids that is endemic to subsaharan africa. African horse sickness is a highly fatal and infectious disease, which affects horses, mules, donkeys and zebras. Animals that recover from african horse sickness develop good immunity to the infecting serotype and partial immunity to other serotypes. African horse sickness an overview sciencedirect topics. In mules, the mortality rate is approximately 50%, and in european and asian donkeys, 5% to 10%. Australia has not recorded any outbreaks of african horse sickness, which is caused by an insecttransmitted virus. Martinson, in pathologic basis of veterinary disease sixth edition, 2017. Midges of the culicoides species transmit the disease.
While unidentified viruses pose serious challenges for the prediction of epidemiology and pathogenicity carpenter and others 20, perhaps the greatest concern in europe currently surrounds the potential for the emergence of a wellknown culicoides borne arbovirus, african horse sickness virus ahsv. Analyses of outbreaks of african horse sickness showed that movement of infected culicoides midges on the wind was most likely responsible for the spread of the disease over the sea from morocco to spain in 1966, from turkey to cyprus in 1960, and from senegal to. It affects horses, donkeys and mules and also is present subclinically in zebras and african donkeys. Dec 19, 2012 the african horse sickness control strategy was developed by a working group chaired by the horse trust, and involving the equine industry, research organisations, defra and the devolved. It can be acute, subacute, or subclinical and is characterized by clinical signs and lesions associated with respiratory and circulatory impairment. African horse sickness ahs is a devastating disease of equids caused by an arthropodborne virus belonging to the reoviridae family, genus orbivirus. The merck veterinary manual african horse sickness clinical findings and lesions. Preliminary outbreak assessments for african horse sickness in horses in south africa. African horse sickness ahs is an infectious disease of equines caused by one of the nine serotypes of orbivirus. Classification of the causative agent resistance to physical. The african horse sickness scotland order 2012 and. African horse sickness ahs is an arthropodborne equine disease caused by african horse sickness virus ahsv genus orbivirus, family reoviridae. Aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control. African horse sickness the center for food security and public.
The study of african horse sickness has been mentioned in research publications which can be found using our bioinformatics tool below. The orbivirus genus of the reoviridae family contains african horse sickness virus ahsv, bluetongue virus, and. Fever lasting 3 to 8 days mild anorexia or depression african. There are nine serotypes of african horse sickness. The severity of african horse sickness ahs is strongly linked to the immunity status of the horse concerned, and the dose of the virus it receives from biting midges. African horse sickness ahs is an arthropodborne, oienotifiable disease of horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras that is caused by an orbivirus family reoviridae and characterized by respiratory distress or cardiovascular failure. Structural protein vp2 of african horse sickness virus is not.
African horse sickness horse owners merck veterinary. These can be a reservoir of infection for the disease. African horse sickness ahs is a highly infectious and deadly disease of equidae horses, donkeys, mules, and zebra caused by the african horse sickness virus which is a virus of. African horse sickness, equine viral arteritis, equine infectious anaemia, chronic. Aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent equine piroplasmosis ep is a tickborne disease of horses caused by the intraerytrocytic protozoan parasites babesia caballi and theileria equi of the order piroplasmida. African horse sickness ahs is a disease caused by the african horse sickness virus ahsv.
The document is structured with the following broad sections that follow events as they might. African horse sickness perdesiekte at the end of this article is the treatment for horse sickness. Possible spread of african horse sickness on the wind. African horse sickness aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent african horse sickness ahs is caused by a virus of the family reoviridae of the genus orbivirus. African horse sickness in horses in south africa gov. African horse sickness ahs is a highly infectious noncontagious, vector born viral disease affecting all species of equidae. It is classified as an orbivirus of the reoviridae family of which there are 9 serotypes. Complete genome sequences of four african horse sickness. African horse sickness 971 words exact match in snippet view article find links to article press release. The african horse sickness wales regulations 20 provide the legal powers to allow the control of african horse sickness ahs. African horse sickness is a highly infectious, noncontagious, insecttransmitted disease affecting all species of equidae. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the merck vet manual. It is the only equine disease for which the world organization for animal health has introduced specific guidelines for member countries seeking official recognition of diseasefree status.
African horse sickness virus ahsv causes a noncontagious, infectious insectborne disease of equids and is endemic in many areas of subsaharan africa and possibly yemen in the arabian peninsula. African horse sickness horse owners merck veterinary manual. A postmortem being carried out on a filly that died of a peracute case dunkop of ahs. African horse sickness ahs is a peracute, acute, subacute or mild infectious but noncontagious disease of equids caused by african horse sickness virus ahsv. Trypanosomiasis circulatory system merck veterinary manual. During the 1996 summer season januaryapril in south africa an estimated 500 horses died of african horse sickness ahs. Ahs surveillance zone permission for vaccination will only. African horse sickness is caused by a virus of the family reoviridae.
An african horse sickness is a highly disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of fatal insect born viral disease of horses, mules and africa south of the sahara, occupying abroad band generally subclinical diseases in. Etiology african horse sickness s epidemiology african horse. Overview of african horse sickness merck veterinary manual. An african horse sickness is a highly disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of fatal insect born viral disease of horses, mules and africa south of the sahara, occupying abroad band generally subclinical diseases in other equidae. African horse sickness ahs is a serious arthropodborne viral disease of equids, with a mortality rate that can reach 95% in some species, such as horses. It is thought that mosquitoes, biting flies, the camel tick, and dog tick may also transmit the disease. Evolutionary relationships among the gnattransmitted orbiviruses that cause african horse sickness, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease as evidenced by their capsid protein sequences. African horse sickness in horses vetlexicon equis from. Aradaib i e 2009 pcr detection of african horse sickness virus serogroup based on genome segment three sequence analysis. Pdf this is the first case of african horse sickness ahs in a dog where there was no apparent ingestion of horse meat. African horse sickness ahs is a noncontagious viral disease affecting all species of equidae.
Sop manual 12 african horse sickness etiology and ecology 1. Area adjustment ahs free zone permission for vaccination will only be given from 1 june to 31 october each year. Reoviridae, of which there are nine serotypes, all transmitted by. Mar 27, 2018 the severity of african horse sickness ahs is strongly linked to the immunity status of the horse concerned, and the dose of the virus it receives from biting midges. African horse sickness ahs is a hemorrhagic viral fever of horses. African horse sickness results from infection with the african horse sickness virus ahsv, a member of the genus orbivirus in the family reoviridae. African horse sickness is endemic or occurs in all parts of africa south of the sahara but epidemics have spread further north to egypt, the middle east and spain. African horse sickness ahs is a highly infectious and deadly disease caused by african horse. Learn about the veterinary topic of african horse sickness. African horse sickness 9 page laboratory confirmation the epidemiology, clinical signs and gross lesions of ahs are often sufficiently specific to allow a provisional diagnosis of the disease to be made. Disease bioinformatics research of african horse sickness has been linked to bluetongue, virus diseases, hemorrhagic disorders, horse diseases, reoviridae infections. There are nine ahsv serotypes with significant genomic differences. It is characterized by respiratory and circulatory damage. Pdf detection of african horse sickness virus antibodies by elisa.
This disease is endemic to subsaharan africa, however outbreaks have been seen in egypt, the middle east and southern arabia. There are 9 antigenically distinct serotypes of ahs virus ahsv identified by virus neutralization, but some. February 2015 serotype into an area may result in outbreaks. African horse sickness, in merck veterinary manual, national publishing inc. There are nine serotypes of this virus, and while some serotypes are crossprotective e. African horse sickness ahs is a noncontagious infectious viral disease. To confirm the diagnosis, the virus should be isolated. Bluetongue, schmallenberg virus african horse sickness. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and wellbeing around the world. African horse sickness ahs is endemic in subsaharan africa.
It is caused by a virus of the genus orbivirus belonging to the family reoviridae. The disease is characterised by alterations in respiratory and circulatory functions. African horse sickness ahs, disease of equidae horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras caused by an orbivirus called ahsv family reoviridae that is transmitted by arthropods, notably biting midges culicoides imicola. This is a noncontagious viral disease that affects all equidae horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, zebras and other hybrids. African horse sickness food safety european commission. African horse sickness ahs is a highly infectious, noncontagious, vectorborne viral disease affecting all species of equidae.
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